December 26, 1902; amendment adopted election fourth Saturday in July 1921.] "SEC. 3. All qualified electors of the State, as herein described, who shall have resided for six months immediately preceding an election, within the limits of any city or corporate town, shall have the right to vote for Mayor and all other elective officers; but in all elections to determine expenditure of money or assumption of debt, only those shall be qualified to vote who pay taxes on property in said city or incorporated town: Provided, That no poll tax for the payment of debts thus incurred, shall be levied upon the persons debarred from voting in relations thereto.

"SEC. 4. In all elections by the people the vote shall be by ballot and the Legisature shall provide for the numbering of tickets and make such other regulations as may be necessary to detect and punish fraud and preserve the purity of the ballot box and the Legislature may provide by law for the registration of all voters in all cities containing a population of ten thousand inhabitants or more. [Sec. 4, art. 6, adopted election August 11, 1891; preclamation sec. 22, 1891.]

"SEC. 5. Voters shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections, and in going to and returning therefrom.

"ARKANSAS

"ARTICLE III-FRANCHISE AND ELECTIONS

"SECTION 1. Every male citizen of the United States or male person who has declared his intention of becoming a citizen of the same, of the age of twentyone years, who has resided in the State twelve months, and in the county six months, and in the voting precinct or ward one month, next preceding any election, where he may propose to vote, shall be entitled to vote at all elections by the people. [See amendment No. 9; Jones v. Floyd, 129 Ark. 185, 195 S. W. 360. This section is superseded by Amendment No. 8.]

"AMENDMENT No. 8-EQUAL SUFFRAGE

Supersedes Poll-Tax Amendment of 1908

"That Section 1, of Article III of the Constitution of the State of Arkansas, as amended by Amendment No. 9, adopted January the 14th, 1909, be amended so as to read as follows:

"SECTION 1. Every citizen of the United States of the age of twenty-one years, who has resided in the State twelve months, in the county six months, and in the precinct, town, or ward, one month, next preceding any election at which they may propose to vote, except such persons as may have committed some felony be deprived of the right to vote by law passed by the General Assembly and who shall exhibit a poll-tax receipt or other evidence that they have paid their poll tax at the time of collecting taxes next preceding such election, shall be allowed to vote at any election in the State of Arkansas: Provided, That persons who make satisfactory proof that they have attained the age of twentyone years since the time of assessing taxes next preceding said election and possess the other necessary qualifications, shall be permitted to vote: And Provided further, That the said tax receipt shall be so marked by dated stamp or written endorsement by the judges of election to whom it may be first presented as to prevent the holder thereof from voting more than once at any election. It is declared to be the purpose of this amendment to deny the right of suffrage to aliens and it is declared to be the purpose of this amendment to confer suffrage equally upon both men and women, without regard to sex: Provided, That women shall not be compelled to serve on juries.'

"SOUTH CAROLINA

"ARTICLE II

"SEC. 4. QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.-The qualifications for suffrage shall be as follows:

"(a) RESIDENCE.-Residence in the State for two years, in the County one year, in the polling precinct in which the elector offers to vote four months: Provided, That ministers in charge of an organized church and teachers of public schools shall be entitled to vote after six months' residence in the State, otherwise qualified.

"[NOTE.-Amended by a joint resolution and an act: 1929 (36) 695; 1931 (37) 105, 246.]

(b) REGISTRATION.--Registration, which shall provide for the enrollment of every elector once in ten years, and also an enrollment during each and every years of every elector not previously registered under the provisions of this Article.

"(c) QUALIFICATION FOR REGISTRATION UP TO JANUARY 1898-LIST OF REGISTERED VOTERS.-Up to January 1st, 1898 all male persons of voting age applying for registration who can read any section in this Constitution submitted to them by the registration officer or understand and explain it when read to them by the registration officer, shall be entitled to register and become electors. A separate record of all persons registered before January 1st, 1898, sworn to by the registration officer, shall be filed, one copy with the Clerk of Court and one in the office of the Secretary of State, on or before February 1st, 1898, and such persons shall remain during life qualified electors unless disqualified by the other provisions of this Article. The certificate of the Clerk of Court or Secretary of State shall be sufficient evidence to establish the right of said Citizens to any subsequent registration and the franchise under the limitations herein imposed.

"(d) QUALIFICATION FOR REGISTRATION AFTER JANUARY 1898.-Any person who shall apply for registration after January 1st, 1898, if otherwise qualified, shall be registered: Provided, That he can both read and write any Section of the Constitution submitted to him by the registration officer, or can show that he owns, and has paid all taxes collectible during the previous year on property in this State assessed at three hundred dollars ($300) or more.

"(e) PAYMENT OF TAXES NECESSARY FOR VOTING.-Managers of election shall require of every elector offering to vote at any election, before allowing him to vote, proof of the payment thirty days before any election of any poll tax then due and payable. The production of a certificate or of the receipt of the officer authorized to collect such taxes shall be conclusive proof of the payment thereof. "[NOTE.--Amended by a joint resolution and an act: 1920 (36) 695; 1931 (37) 105, 246.]

"(f) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION.-The General Assembly shall provide for issuing to each duly registered elector a certificate of registration, and shall provide for the renewal of such certificate when lost, mutilated, or destroyed, if the arp'icant is still a qualified elector under the provisions of this Constitution, or if he has been registered as provided in subsection (c).

"TENNESSEE

"ARTICLE IV-ELECTIONS

"RIGHT TO Vote for LEGISLATORS AND LOCAL CIVIL OFFICERS; POLL TAXES; MILITARY DUTY, AUTHORIZED ELECTION LAWS

"SECTION 1. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, being a citizen of the United States, and a resident of this State for twelve months, and of the county wherein he may offer his vote for six months next preceding the day of election, shall be entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly, and other civil officers for the county or district in which he resides; and there shall be no qualification attached to the right of suffrage, except that each voter shall give to the judges of election, where he offers to vote, satisfactory evidence that he has paid the poll taxes assessed against him for such preceding period as the Legislature shall prescribe, and at such time as may be prescribed by law, without which his vote cannot be received. And all male citizens of the State shall be subject to the payment of poll taxes and the performance of military duty within such ages as may be prescribed by law. The General Assembly shall have power to enact laws requiring voters to vote in the election precincts in which they may reside, and laws to secure the freedom of elections and the purity of the ballot box.

"NORTH CAROLINA

"ARTICLE VI-SUFFRAGE AND ELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE

"SECTION 1. Every male person born in the United States, and every male person who has been naturalized, twenty-one years of age, and possessing the qualifications set out in this article, shall be entitled to vote at any election by the people in the State, except as herein otherwise provided.

"SEC. 2. He shall have resided in the State of North Carolina for two years, in the county six months, and in the precinct, ward, or other election district in which he offers his vote, four months next preceding the election: Provided, That removal from one precinct, ward, or other election district to another in the same

county shall not operate to deprive any person of the right to vote in the precinct, ward, or other election district from which he has removed until four months after such removal. No person who has been convicted, or who has confessed his guilt in open court, upon indictment, of any crime the punishment of which now is or may hereafter be imprisonment in the State's Prison, shall be permitted to vote unless the said person shall be first restored to citizenship in the manner prescribed by law.

"SEC. 3. Every person offering to vote shall be at the time a legally registered voter as herein prescribed and in the manner hereafter provided by law, and the General Assembly of North Carolina shall enact general registration laws to carry into effect the provisions of this article.

"SEC. 4. Every person presenting himself for registration shall be able to read and write any section of the Constitution in the English language; and before he shall be entitled to vote he shall have paid, on or before the first day of May of the year in which he proposes to vote, his poll tax for the previous year as prescribed by Article V, section 1, of the Constitution. But no male person who was on January 1, 1867, or at any time prior thereto, entitled to vote under the laws of any State in the United States wherein he then resided, and no lineal descendant of any such person, shall be denied the right to register and vote at any election in this State by reason of his failure to possess the educational qualifications herein prescribed: Provided, He shall have registered in accordance with the terms of this section prior to December 1, 1908. The General Assembly shall provide for the registration of all persons entitled to vote without the educational qualifications herein prescribed, and shall, on or before November 1, 1908, provide for making a permanent record of such registration, and all persons so registered shall forever thereafter have the right to vote in all elections by the people in this State, unless disqualified under section 2 of this article: Provided, Such person shall have paid his poll tax as above required.

"SEC. 5. That this amendment to the Constitution is presented and adopted as one indivisible plan for the regulation of the suffrage, with the intent and purpose to so connect the different parts and to make them so dependent upon each other that the whole shall stand or fall together.

"SEC. 6. All elections by the people shall be by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce.

"SEC. 7. Every voter in North Carolina, except as in this article disqualified, shall be eligible to office, but before entering upon the duties of the office he shall take and subscribe the following oath:

"'I, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and maintain the Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Constitution and laws of North Carolina not inconsistent therewith, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office as So help me, God.'

"SEC. 8. The following classes of persons shall be disqualified for office: First, all persons who shall deny the being of Almighty God. Second, all persons who shall have been convicted or confessed their guilt on indictment pending and whether sentenced or not, or under judgment suspended, of any treason or felony, or of any other crime for which the punishment may be imprisonment in the penitentiary, since becoming citizens of the United States, or of corruption or malpractice in office, unless such person shall be restored to the rights of citizen. ship in a manner prescribed by law.

"SEC. 9. That this amendment to the Constitution shall go into effect on the first day of July, nineteen hundred and two, if a majority of votes cast at the next general election shall be cast in favor of this suffrage amendment.

"MISSISSIPPI

"ARTICLE 12-FRANCHISE

"SEC. 240. All elections by the people shall be by ballot.

"SEC. 241. Every inhabitant of this state, except idiots, insane persons, and Indians not taxed, who is a citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old and upwards, who has resided in this state for two years, and one year in the election district, or in the incorporated city or town in which he offers to vote, and who is duly registered, as provided in this article, and who has never been convicted of bribery, theft, arson, obtaining money or goods under false pretense, perjury, forgery, embezzlement, or bigamy, and who has paid on or before the first day of February of the year in which he shall offer to vote, all poll taxes which may have been legally required of him, and which he has had an cpportunity of paying according to law, for the two preceding years, and who shall produce to the officers holding the election satisfactory evidence that he has paid such taxes, is declared to be a qualified elector; but any minister of the gospel in charge of an organized church shall be entitled to vote after six months' residence in the election district, if otherwise qualified.

"ALABAMA

"ARTICLE VIII-SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS

"SEC. 177. Every male citizen of this state who is a citizen of the United States, and every male resident of foreign birth, who, before the ratification of this constitution, shall have legally declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old or upwards, not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this article, and possessing the qualifications required by it. shall be an elector, and shall be entitled to vote at any election by the people: Provided, That all foreigners who have legally declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, shall, if they fail to become citizens thereof at the time they are entitled to become such, cease to have the right to vote until they become such citizens.

"SEC. 178. To entitle a person to vote at any election by the people, he shall have resided in the state at least two years, in the county one year, and in the precinct or ward three months, immediately preceding the election at which he offers to vote, and he shall have been duly registered as an elector, and shall have paid on or before the first day of February next preceding the date of the election at which he offers to vote, all poll taxes due from him for the year nineteen hundred and one, and for each subsequent year: Provided, That any elector who, within three months next preceding the date of the election at which he offers to vote, has removed from one precinct or ward to another precinct or ward in the same county, incorporated town, or city, shall have the right to vote in the precinct or ward from which he has so removed, if he would have been entitled to vote in such precinct or ward but for such removal.

"GEORGIA

"ARTICLE II-ELECTIVE FRANCHISE

"SECTION I-CHAPTER 2-6-QUALIFICATION OF VOTERS

"2-601. 6395) PARAGRAPH I. ELECTIONS BY BALLOT; REGISTRATION OF VOTEKS.— After the year 1908 elections by the people shall be by ballot, and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law. [Acts 1908, p. 27, ratified Oct. 7th, 1908.]

"In 1912 section 2-603 of the Constitution of Georgia (which constitution was superseded in 1945 by a New Constitution) was worded as follows:

"WHO ENTITLED TO REGISTER AND VOTE.-TO entitle a person to resigster and vote at any election by the people, he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election, and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election, and shall have paid all taxes which may have been required of him since the adoption of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877, that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law. Such payment must have been made at least six months prior to the election at which he offers to vote, except when such elections are held within six months from the expiration of the time fixed by law for the payment of such taxes.'

"[EDITORIAL NOTE.-The nine paragraphs of this Section were proposed by Acts 1908, p. 27, and ratified October 7, 1908. Prior to that time this Section consisted of only two paragraphs. Paragraph I was specifically repealed by the amendment of 1908. That paragraph provided that 'In all elections by the people, the electors shall vote by ballot.' Paragraph II of the original Constitution of 1877 provided as follows: 'Every male citizen of the United States (except as hereinafter provided), twenty-one years of age, who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election, and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote, and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him, and which he may have had an opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, except for the year of the election, shall be deemed an elector: Provided, That no soldier, sailor, or marine in the military or naval service of the United States, shall acquire the rights of an elector, by reason of being stationed on duty in this State; and no person shall vote who, if challenged, shall refuse to take the following oath, or affirmation: 'I do swear (or affirm) that I am twenty-one years of age, have resided in this State one year, and in this county six months, next preceding this election. I have paid all taxes which, since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State. have been required of me previous to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay, and that I have not voted at this election.' See note following § 2-603."]

"2-602. (6396) PAR. II. WHO SHALL BE AN ELECTOR ENTITLED TO REGISTER AND VOTE.-Every male citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old or upwards, not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article, and possessing the qualifications provided by it, shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people: Provided, That no soldier, sailor, or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State. [Acts 1908, pp. 27, 28, ratified October 7th, 1908.]

"[EDITORIAL NOTE.-This section was modified by Const. U. S., Amend. XIX See § 1-827 and 152/283 (109 S. E. 666).]

"2-603. (6397) PAR. III. WHO ENTITLED TO REGISTER AND VOTE.-To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people, he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election, and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election, and shall have paid all poll taxes that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law. Such payment must have been made at least six months prior to the election at which he offers to vote, except when such elections are held within six months from the expiration of the time fixed by law for the payment of such taxes. [Acts 1908, pp. 27, 28, ratified Oct. 7, 1908; Acts 1931, p. 102, ratified November 8, 1932.] "[EDITORIAL NOTE.-By the amendment of 1932 the provision, 'all poll taxes that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law,' was inserted in lieu of the provision, 'all taxes which may have been required of him since the adoption of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877, that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law.' See note following § 2-601.]

"2-604. (6398) PAR. IV. QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTORS.-Every male citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector, and to vote in all elections in said State, who is not disqualified under the provisions of Section II of Article II of this Constitution, and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in Paragraphs II and III of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration, and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the five following subdivisions of this paragraph.

"1. All persons who have honorably served in the land or naval forces of the United States in the Revolutionary War, or in the War of 1812, or in the War with Mexico, or in any War with the Indians, or in the War between the States, or in the War with Spain, or who honorably served in the land or naval forces of the Confederate States, or of the State of Georgia in the War between the States; or,

"2. All persons lawfully descended from those embraced in the classes enumerated in the subdivision next above; or

"3. All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government; or

"4. All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars, and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements, but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars; or

"5. Any person who is the owner in good faith in his own right of at least forty acres of land situated in this State, upon which he resides, or is the owner in good faith in his own right of property situated in this State and assessed for taxation at the value of $500. [Acts 1908, pp. 27, 28, ratified October 7th, 1908.]

"VIRGINIA

"ARTICLE II-ELECTIVE FRANCHISE AND QUALIFICATION FOR OFFICE

"S 18. QUALIFICATION OF VOTERS.-Every citizen of the United States, twentyone years of age, who has been a resident of the State one year, of the county, city, or town six months, and of the precinct in which he offers to vote, thirty days next preceding the election in which he offers to vote, has been registered, and has paid his State poll taxes, as hereinafter required, shall be entitled to vote for members of the general assembly and all officers elective by the people; but removal from one precinct to another, in the same county, city, or town shall not deprive any person of his right to vote in the precinct from which he has moved until the expiration of thirty days after such removal.

"The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex."