OF PHYSIOGRAPHY. FOR THE USE OF SCIENCE CLASSES, AND ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE-CLASS SCHOOLS. BY JOHN J. PRINCE. MANCHESTER: JOHN HEYWOOD, 141 AND 143, DEANSGATE. LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co.; AND J. C. TACEY. 2011. f. 27. PREFACE. THIS little work has been prepared with especial reference to the Syllabus for the Elementary Stage of Physiography-recently issued by the Science and Art Department-but not confined to it. It is hoped that it will be found useful to all who wish to inquire into the physical features of the earth, its atmosphere, &c. No effort has been spared to render it accurate up to the information of the present day. To the student, I would say, to obtain a thorough knowledge of the configuration of the earth's surface, the superficial conformation of the ocean, the currents thereof, and the course, tributaries, and water-partings of rivers, nothing short of a very careful study of political and physical maps (many good ones can be procured from the publisher of this present work) will enable him to succeed. J. J. P. CONTENTS. (INCLUDING THE ELEMENTS OF FORCE). Definition-Units of Time-Space-Mass-Metric System— Composition and Resolution of Forces-Parallelogram and Poly- Energy produced by Heat, Electricity, &c..... TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY.-The Earth as a Chemical Action - Compounds - The Chemical Elements- Atomicity-Binary Compounds-Terms-Compounds Bro- ken Up-Decomposition of-Rock-forming Minerals-Com- position of the Earth's Crust... WATER.-Composition of-Expansion of-Different States- GEOLOGY RELATING TO THE CRUST OF THE EARTH. ROCKS. Sedimentary_Stratified-Mechanically, Organically, INTERNAL HEAT OF THE GLOBE.-The Interior of the Earth- Phenomena and Distribution of Volcanoes-Hot Springs- Earthquakes-Earthquake Bands-Causes of Earthquakes CRUST OF THE EARTH.-Upheaval and Subsidences-Relative Age of Strata-Changes of the Earth's Surface and in the |