Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Volume 173, Part 1W. Bowyer and J. Nichols for Lockyer Davis, printer to the Royal Society, 1882 - Mathematics |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
abdominal somite Absent Absent absorption Acetes Acipenser adult appendages aqueous vapour arches basal joint Biramous body branchial branchial arches carapace cartilage cavity cells chronograph CLAUS colour Crustacean cylinder deflection difference dorsal earth edge effect electrical electrodes electromotive electromotive force endopodite equal excitation excitatory exopodite experimental tube experiments flagellum front galvanometer gases harmonic hind-brain inch long labrum larva larvæ leaf length light liquid lobe Lucifer mandible maxilla maxilliped MDCCCLXXXII millims moult mt.pg Nauplius nearly notochord observations ocellus pa.s pairs pereiopod pg.q Plate 16 pleopod plumose hairs posterior produced Protozoëa pterygo-quadrate radiant heat radiation rays reflector rocksalt rostrum rotation Royal rudimentary scaphognathite Schizopod stage scutes second antenna seen segmentation Selachians Sergestes shown in fig side specimen speed spines stress-difference stresses sulphuric ether surface teeth telson temperature thick third toothed wheel trabeculæ upper velocity ventral visceral arches Zoëa
Popular passages
Page 219 - The stresses produced by harmonic inequalities of high orders are next considered. This is in effect the case of a series of parallel mountains and valleys, corrugating a mean level surface with an infinite series of parallel ridges and furrows. It is found that the stress-difference depends only on the depth below the mean surface, and is independent of the position of the point considered with regard to ridge and furrow. Numerical calculation shows that if we take a series of mountains, whose crests...
Page 214 - The existence of dry land proves that the earth's surface is not a figure of equilibrium appropriate for the diurnal rotation. Hence the interior of the earth must be in a state of stress, and as the land does not sink in, nor the sea-bed rise up, the materials of which the earth is made must be strong enough to bear this stress.
Page 344 - Dense clouds, near the earth, must possess the same heat as the lower atmosphere, and will therefore send to the earth, as much, or nearly as much heat as they receive from it by radiation. But similarly dense clouds, if very high, though they equally intercept the communication of the earth with the sky, yet being, from their elevated situation, colder than the earth, will radiate to it less heat than they receive from it, and may, consequently, admit of bodies on its surface becoming several degrees...
Page 342 - The sensibility of the instrument is very striking, for the liquor incessantly falls and rises in the stem, with every passing cloud. But the cause of its variations does not always appear so obvious. Under a fine blue sky the cethrioscope will sometimes indicate a cold of 50 millesimal degrees ; yet on other days, when the air seems equally bright, the effect is hardly 30°.
Page 344 - No direct experiments can be made to ascertain the manner, in which clouds prevent, or occasion to be small, the appearance of a cold at night, upon the surface of the earth, greater than that of the atmosphere ; but it may...
Page 219 - Numerical calculation shows that if we take a series of mountains, whose crests are 4000 meters, or about 13,000 feet above the intermediate valley-bottoms, formed of rock of specific gravity 2'8, then the maximum stress-difference is 2'6 tons per square inch (about the tenacity of cast tin) ; also if the mountain chains are 314 miles apart, the maximum stress-difference is reached at 50 miles below the mean surface. It...
Page 215 - In this paper I have solved a problem of the kind indicated for the case of a homogeneous incompressible elastic sphere, and have applied the results to the case of the earth. It may of course be urged that the earth is not such as this treatment postulates.
Page 210 - ut tensio sic vis"; or different sets of experiments with the same class of material might make it seem greater. In some of the results given by Sir William Thomson the product of modulus and elastic extension is however greater than tenacity. Ordinary experience would lead one to suppose that such materials as lead and copper would undergo a considerable stress beyond the limits of perfect elasticity, before breaking. It is surprising therefore to see how nearly identical this product is to the...