Companion to English History (middle Ages)Francis Pierrepont Barnard |
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Abbey Anglo-Saxon arch archers architecture armorial armour arms BARNARD battle Bayeux Tapestry became Brass building built burh Cambridge Canons Carolingian minuscule Castle Cathedral Chapel charter church civil cloth coat College colours Conquest costume court Court of Chivalry customs decoration defence duties Earl Earl Marshal ecclesiastical Edward III Edward IV Edward the Confessor effigy Elizabeth Elizabethan England export fifteenth century foreign fourteenth century French gild Gloucester Gothic hall Hanse Henry VIII heraldic Heraldry houses important John king king's knights land later London lord manor mayor medieval ment merchants middle military monasteries monastic monks Norman origin ornament Oxford painted period PLATE port Pre-armorial reign of Henry religious Richard Richard II Roman round royal seals shield ships sixteenth statutes stone style temp thegns thirteenth century tion tomb tower towns trade twelfth century usually villeins walls Westminster Winchester wool
Popular passages
Page 166 - Stones and javelins were hurled from the tops, and Greek Fire was known in England in the reign of Richard I, although there is no recorded instance of its use on board English or French ships. Heavy engines for throwing stones were fixed on deck, and such things as quicklime thrown from windward to blind the enemy ; there were three cannon on board the Christopher in 1338, but the use of artillery did not practically affect tactics or shipbuilding during the fourteenth century. As fireships (of...
Page 89 - ... its culminating point. Like the surcoat and the cyclas, the jupon had its slight accidents of shape, finally taking the typical form well shown by the latten effigy (,1376; of the Black Prince at Canterbury, and by hundreds of routine alabaster and stone effigies and brasses of the last quarter of the fourteenth and the first quarter of the fifteenth century throughout the kingdom [PI.
Page 309 - is mentioned in a deed of 1123. . . . Bedford School is on record as existing . . . before 1120. . . . In London there were three grammar schools in 1137.' The twelfth-century revival of learning gave a great FIG. 282. WINCHESTER COLLEGE, founded 1373. impetus to the foundation of schools, and many arose in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, sometimes in dependence upon cathedrals and collegiate churches, and sometimes in connexion with hospitals, gilds, and chantries, while some came to exist...
Page 311 - The Master Fellows and Scholars of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity within the Town and University of Cambridge of King Henry the Eighth's foundation. THIS noble and magnificent College, the Mastership of which is in the appointment of the Crown, was formed by the consolidation and extension of the earlier foundations of (1) Michaelhouse, founded in 1324 by...
Page 214 - ... fair on the feast of St. Paulinus ' ; to Winchester Cathedral a fair of eight days' at St. Giles's Church on the eastern hill, with the king's rents and rights, including those given by William II. Others were granted during the reign of Henry I to ecclesiastical bodies at Malmesbury, St. Albans, Bath, and Ramsey, to the monastery of Tavistock, and to St. Frideswide's Priory, Oxford, the last to extend over seven days in July. During the seventy-four years from the first year of King John to...
Page 351 - Every great vessel that grounds, shall pay two pence for strandage. For a small vessel with oarlocks that grounds, one penny. For a boat that grounds, one halfpenny. For two quarters of corn, measured by the King's quarter, one farthing, For one coomb of corn that comes by water, one penny. For every quarter of woad going out of the City by water, one halfpenny. For two quarters of sea-coal, measured by the King's quarter, one farthing. For every tun of ale going...
Page 330 - ... rectangular panels with small figures of the classical type [Fig. 312] are set in conventional foliage and scroll-work, the whole in deep and rich colours. A rare and splendid example of twelfth-century metal-work is a candlestick given to Gloucester Abbey about mo, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum. 3. The Thirteenth Century and the Rise of Gothic Art. Hitherto, ever since the restoration of England to its share in the culture of Western Christendom, we have seen that English art and architecture...
Page 297 - Parliament, therefore, in 1371 attached the great penalty of a hundred marks (£66 135. 4^.) to this offence. Still the Commons complained, though now only of the obstructions erected prior to the reign of Edward I, which shows that the measures of the Government had proved effectual. Commissions were accordingly issued in 1398 to Justices of the Peace to destroy all of them which were a nuisance to navigation. These measures were enforced by Henry IV in Acts of 1399 and 1402. But in 1423 complaints...
Page 261 - Let us swear an oath, and keep it with an equal mind, In the hollow Lotos-land to live and lie reclined On the hills like Gods together, careless of mankind.
Page 28 - Sides thereof; in the Midst a Brick Hearth for a Charcoal Fire, having a large Lanthorn in the Roof of the Hall fitted for that Purpose, turreted and covered with Lead.